Cumbum Panneer Thratchai Grapes | UPSC

• Grapes generally require a hot and dry climate during its growth and fruiting periods.
• It is successfully grown in areas where the temperature range is from 15-40 C.
• High temperatures above 40 C during the fruit growth and development reduce fruit set and consequently the berry size.
• Low temperatures below 15 C followed by forward pruning impair the budbreak leading to crop failure.
• The fruitfulness of buds is influenced by light.
• Light intensity of 2,400-ft. candle is essential for optimum growth.
• However, low light intensities during the active growth stage (45-75 days after pruning) and fruit bud formation adversely affects the crop.
• It is most successfully grown at elevations ranging from 200-250m above m.s.l. Area with annual rainfall not exceeding 900mm well distributed throughout the year is ideal.
• However, rainfall during flowering and fruit ripening is not favourable as it leads to the spread of downy mildew disease.
• High atmospheric humidity is detrimental during vegetative growth and fruiting.
• At a high humidity the vegetative growth of vines is vigorous which affects the fruit size and quality.
• Similarly high humidity during 30-110 days after forward pruning favours the development of fungal diseases.

Girnar 4 and Girnar 5 Groundnut Varieties | UPSC

Soil For Grapes Cultivation :

• Grapes can be cultivated in variety of soils including sandy loams, sandy clay loams, red sandy soils, shallow to medium black soils and red loams.
• The soil should be well drained, having good water holding capacity and devoid of any hard pan or impervious layer in the top 90-cm, with water table at least 6.5m below.
• Grapes can also be grown successfully over a wide range of soil pH (4.0-9.5) however, soils having pH range of 6.5-8.0 are considered ideal.