National Mission on Edible Oil – Oil Palm (NEMO-OP) | UPSC

National Mission on Edible Oil – Oil Palm (NEMO-OP) | UPSC | Why In The news ?

The proposal for National Mission on Edible Oil – Oil Palm (NEMO-OP) that was placed before the Cabinet has been approved.

What Is The Main Aim of This NEMO-OP Mission :

• The mission to push domestic palm oil production gains significance considering India imported nearly 133.5 lakh tonnes of edible oil in 2020-21 worth Rs 80,000 crore to meet the domestic requirement and the share of imported palm oil was around 56% followed by soyabean (27%) and sunflower oil (16%).
• Under this mission the government will focus on increasing the oil palm cultivation to 10 lakh hectares by 2025-26 and 16.7 lakh hectares by 2029-30.
• The Centre will provide some financial assistance to farmers to ensure that they get a good price for their produce.
• It will work out the formula price and the viability price of the produce.

National Mission on Edible Oil – Oil Palm (NEMO-OP) | UPSC

India Palm Oil Import In 2020-21	133.5 lakh tonnes of edible oil in 2020-21 Total Cost Of Importing Palm Oil Is Rs 80,000 crore
Different Edible Oil imported By India	Pal Oil 56% Soyabean (27%) Sunflower oil (16%).
Target Under This Mission	10 lakh hectares by 2025-26 16.7 lakh hectares by 2029-30.
Weather Conditions Best Suitable For Palm oil Cultivation	The weather condition in North East and Andaman and Nicobar Islands is conducive for oil palm cultivation and this is the reason why the special focus of the mission will be on these two areas.

About Palm Oil :

• Palm oil is used in food, cosmetics, cleaning products and biofuel, and only grows in the biodiversity-rich tropics.
• Palm oil is important for global food security and economic development.
• Palm oil production increased 15-fold between 1980 and 2014 and will likely increase further.
• Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palms.
• Along with coconut oil, palm oil is one of the few highly saturated vegetable fats and is semisolid at room temperature.
• It is resistant to oxidation and so can give products a longer shelf-life; it’s stable at high temperatures
• The oil is used in food manufacturing, in beauty products, and as biofuel.
• Its use in the commercial food industry in other parts of the world is widespread because of its lower cost.
• Indonesia is the largest producer of palm oil, followed by Malaysia – both countries account for 84% of the worlds palm production.
• Globally palm oil supplies 35% of the world’s vegetable oil demand on just 10% of the land.

Read Also : Right to Protein Movement | UPSC

Largest User Of Palm oil : 

• The largest user of palm oil are India (9.4 million tonnes) and Indonesia (6 million tonnes) – countries in which palm oil is traditionally used for cooking.
• The EU is the third-largest consumer of palm oil.

Largest Importer Of Palm Oil : 

The largest importer of palm oil is

• India (19 per cent)
• The European Union (15 per cent, 7.3 million tonnes)
• China (14 per cent) (Index Muni, 2020).

India And Palm Oil : 

• In India, oil palm is being cultivated in 13 states.
• Potential states are Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Bihar.
• Andhra Pradesh (83.5 percent) along with Telangana accounts for about 97 percent of India’s 278,000 tonnes of crude palm oil production.

Concerns Associated With Palm Oil Production

Environmental impacts	Deforestation Biodiversity loss Land and water pollution Soil Erosion Palm oil has been and continues to be a major driver of deforestation of some of the world’s most biodiverse forests, destroying the habitat of already endangered species like the Orangutan, pygmy elephant and Sumatran rhino.
Social impacts	Conflict can occur between communities and companies over rights to land. Conflict can occur between communities and non-native workers (i.e. migrants) who have been brought in to work on the plantations. Displacement of communities and loss of customary land rights Dependence on large plantations
Palm oil and Biodiversity	Oil palm expansion could affect 54% of threatened mammals and 64% of threatened birds globally. Because other oil crops have lower yields than oil palm, replacing it is not a solution. To reduce its impacts on biodiversity, palm oil needs to be produced more sustainably by avoiding deforestation and cutting non-food palm oil use.

What can We Do For Minimizing Impact Of Pal Oil Cultivation On Biodiversity ?

• Palm oil need to be produced more sustainably.
• Zero deforestation (including of secondary forest)
• No planting on peat
• Stricter targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
• A prohibition on the use of fire to clear land.
• A requirement to keep soils healthy and to prevent erosion.
• Safe pesticide use.

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil or RSPO

• It was formed in 2004.
• The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil was established in 2004 with the objective of promoting the growth and use of sustainable palm oil products through global standards and multistakeholder governance.
• The seat of the association is in Zurich, Switzerland, while the secretariat is currently based in Kuala Lumpur, with a satellite office in Jakarta.
• RSPO currently has 4,706 members from 94 countries

Vision & Missions :

• Advance the production, procurement, finance and use of sustainable palm oil products
• Develop, implement, verify, assure and periodically review credible global standards for the entire supply chain of sustainable palm oil
• Monitor and evaluate the economic, environmental and social impacts of the uptake of sustainable palm oil in the market
• Engage and commit all stakeholders throughout the supply chain, including governments and consumers.